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ATLANTA -
James Brown, the dynamic, pompadoured "Godfather of Soul," whose revolutionary rhythms, rough voice and flashing footwork influenced generations of musicians from rock to rap, died early Christmas morning. He was 73.
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Brown was hospitalized with pneumonia at Emory Crawford Long Hospital on Sunday and died of conjunctive heart failure around 1:45 a.m. Monday, said his agent, Frank Copsidas of Intrigue Music.
He initially seemed fine at the hospital and even told people that he planned to be on stage in New York on New Year's Eve, Copsidas said.
Brown was one of the major musical influences of the past 50 years. From
Mick Jagger to
Michael Jackson,
David Bowie to Public Enemy, Brown's rapid-footed dancing, hard-charging beats and heartfelt yet often unintelligible vocals changed the musical landscape. He was to rhythm and dance music what
Bob Dylan was to lyrics.
"He was an innovator, he was an emancipator, he was an originator. Rap music, all that stuff came from James Brown," entertainer Little Richard, a longtime friend of Brown's, told MSNBC.
"James Brown changed music," said Rev.
Al Sharpton, who toured with him in the 1970s and imitates his hairstyle to this day.
"He made soul music a world music," Sharpton said. "What James Brown was to music in terms of soul and hip-hop, rap, all of that, is what Bach was to classical music. This is a guy who literally changed the music industry. He put everybody on a different beat, a different style of music. He pioneered it."
Brown's classic singles include "Papa's Got A Brand New Bag," "(Get Up I Feel Like Being a) Sex Machine," "I Got You (I Feel Good)" and "Say It Loud ? I'm Black and I'm Proud," a landmark 1968 statement of racial pride.
"I clearly remember we were calling ourselves colored, and after the song, we were calling ourselves black," Brown told The Associated Press in 2003. "The song showed even people to that day that lyrics and music and a song can change society."
He won a Grammy for lifetime achievement in 1992, as well as
Grammys in 1965 for "Papa's Got a Brand New Bag" (best R&B recording) and for "Living In America" in 1987 (best R&B vocal performance, male.) He was one of the initial artists inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1986, along with
Elvis Presley,
Chuck Berry and other founding fathers.
Brown, who lived in Beech Island, S.C., near the Georgia line, triumphed despite a turbulent personal life and charges of abusing drugs and alcohol. After a widely publicized, drug-fueled confrontation with police in 1988 that ended in an interstate car chase, Brown spent more than two years in prison for aggravated assault and failing to stop for a police officer.
From the 1950s, when Brown had his first R&B hit, "Please, Please, Please" in 1956, through the mid-1970s, Brown went on a frenzy of cross-country tours, concerts and new songs. He earned the nickname "The Hardest Working Man in Show Business" and often tried to prove it to his fans, said Jay Ross, his lawyer of 15 years.
Brown's stage act was as memorable, and as imitated, as his records, with his twirls and spins and flowing cape, his repeated faints to the floor at the end as band members tried in vain to get him to leave the stage.
His "Live at The Apollo" in 1962 is widely considered one of the greatest concert records ever. And he often talked of the 1964 concert in which organizers made the mistake of having the Rolling Stones, not him, close the bill. He would remember a terrified Mick Jagger waiting offstage, chain smoking, as Brown pulled off his matchless show.
"To this day, there has been no one near as funky. No one's coming even close," rapper Chuck D of Public Enemy once told the AP.
Brown routinely lost two or three pounds each time he performed and kept his furious concert schedule in his later years even as he fought prostate cancer, Ross said.
With his tight pants, shimmering feet, eye makeup and outrageous hair, Brown set the stage for younger stars such as Michael Jackson and Prince. And the early rap generation overwhelmingly sampled his music and voice as they laid the foundation of hip-hop culture.
"Disco is James Brown, hip-hop is James Brown, rap is James Brown; you know what I'm saying? You hear all the rappers, 90 percent of their music is me," Brown told The AP in 2003.
Born in poverty in Barnwell, S.C., in 1933, Brown was abandoned as a 4 year old to the care of relatives and friends. He grew up on the streets of Augusta, Ga., in an "ill-repute area," as he once called it, where he learned how to hustle to survive.
"I wanted to be somebody," Brown said.
By the eighth grade in 1949, Brown had served 3 1/2 years in Alto Reform School near Toccoa, Ga., for breaking into cars. While there, he met Bobby Byrd, whose family took Brown into their home. Byrd also took Brown into his group, the Gospel Starlighters. Soon they changed their name to the Famous Flames and their style to hard R&B.
In January 1956, King Records of Cincinnati signed the group, and four months later "Please, Please, Please" was in the R&B Top Ten.
Pete Allman, a radio personality in Las Vegas who had been friends with Brown for 15 years, credited Brown with jump-starting his career and motivating him personally and professionally.
"He was a very positive person. There was no question he was the hardest working man in show business," Allman said. "I remember Mr. Brown as someone who always motivated me, got me reading the Bible."
While most of Brown's life was glitz and glitter ? he was the manic preacher in 1980's "The Blues Brothers" ? he was plagued with charges of abusing drugs and alcohol and of hitting his third wife, Adrienne.
In September 1988, Brown, high on PCP and carrying a shotgun, entered an insurance seminar next to his Augusta office. Police said he asked seminar participants if they were using his private restroom. Police chased Brown for a half-hour from Augusta into South Carolina and back to Georgia. The chase ended when police shot out the tires of his truck.
Brown received a six-year prison sentence. He spent 15 months in a South Carolina prison and 10 months in a work release program before being paroled in February 1991. In 2003, the South Carolina parole board granted him a pardon for his crimes in that state.
Soon after his release, Brown was on stage again with an audience that included millions of cable television viewers nationwide who watched the three-hour, pay-per-view concert at Wiltern Theatre in Los Angeles.
Adrienne Brown died in 1996 in Los Angeles at age 47. She took PCP and several prescription drugs while she had a bad heart and was weak from cosmetic surgery two days earlier, the coroner said.
More recently, he married his fourth wife, Tomi Raye Hynie, one of his backup singers. The couple had a son, James Jr.
Two years later, Brown spent a week in a private Columbia hospital, recovering from what his agent said was dependency on painkillers. Brown's attorney, Albert "Buddy" Dallas, said the singer was exhausted from six years of road shows.
Brown was performing to the end, and giving back to his community.
Three days before his death, he joined volunteers at his annual toy giveaway in Augusta, and he planned to perform on New Year's Eve at B.B. King Blues Club in New York.
"He was dramatic to the end ? dying on Christmas Day," said the Rev.
Jesse Jackson, a friend of Brown's since 1955. "Almost a dramatic, poetic moment. He'll be all over the news all over the world today. He would have it no other way."
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"bad." I don't think that can be proven by looking at the nutrition facts label. I am looking at a box of Uncle Ben's white rice and Uncle Ben's brown rice. Calories: 170 in both. Total Fat, 1.5 grams in Brown and 0 grams in White. Potassium, 75mg in White, and none listed in Brown. Dietary Fiber, 0 in White and 2 grams in Brown. Protein, White 4 grams, Brown 5 grams. Iron, White 15% of daily need, and Brown 4% of daily need. Calcium White 4% of daily need and Brown, "not a significant source." Carbohydrates, White 38 grams and Brown 35 grams. Thiamin, White, 25% of daily need, Brown not listed. Folate, White 25% of daily need and Brown not listed. As you can see from the Nutrition Facts information, White rice seems to be better! The only big difference in the fiber, 2 grams in Brown and none in White. Now, I am sure that some of you will continue to claim that Brown rice is "better." Can you prove it by the Nutrition Facts?
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i can either get a pair of brown converse or a pair of navy blue converse. i have dark skin, brown hair, brown eyes... i think the brown converse would look better on me to complement the whole "brown" theme. But the only brown converse available is a half size too large for me, and im afraid my feet would just be swimming in them...
the blue converse fit my feet better, but i guess the brown ones look a lot better. which one should i go for? oh yeah also the the blue ones that are smaller but fit better are kinda stiff... since converse are canvas, do they loosen up and stretch?
sry i know this is really a stupid question to ask especially on 9/11, apologies, but i have to decide by tomorrow.
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I just got this brown handbag. The straps are big brown wooden beads and the bag itself is brown cloth with screened white flowers. It gives an islandy feel. The brand is lilu. Anyways, I think it's cute but I don't know what to wear with it. What colors go with brown? Can all colors go with brown (I heard black and brown was 'illegal'?) Any suggestions?
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different brown mouse produces 7 offspring; 4 brown and 3 albino. Which of the following is the best explanation?
A) albino is recessive; brown is dominant
B) albino is dominant; brown is incompletely dominant
C) albino and brown are codominant
D) albino is recessive; brown is recessive
Well, the answer is A but why my question is why is it so? How could you tell something from dominant and recessive?
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I know how the Biology behind getting brown eyes works, but here's what Im trying to figure out, how far down the lines can blue eyes be passed down. Heres the story, I have brown eyes my husband is green - and our baby is crystal blue. I will give you some background info and tell me if you can find this at all to be possible..
Myself brown
My mother brown
My father brown
Maternal Grandparents brown
Paternal Grandparents brown
Great maternal Grandparents unknown
Great paternal Grandparents male:brown female: blue
Husband carries a blue gene ( father mother both blue, he's green)
How can I have given my son a blue gene - can it be carred down from my father grandmother ( my great grandmother) and what are the odds?
Thanks!
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I know its usual to have some brown spotting towards the end of your period, but in your experience how long has that lasted? i had previously written about my problem (i had the significant brown dicharge for three weeks straight after my period, and it wasnt reddish brown, it was just dark brown). then i got my normal period, on time and regular red blood and all that. now that has ended and im having the brown again for the past 3 days. im worried its going to last for another 3 weeks again because it looks exactly the same dark brown. i know i should prob go to doc but i am constantly in and out of the gyno for things i think i have! he previously said he thought i had a cyst that ruptured bc i had been having bad pain. no more pain though. any thoughts or experiences?
i have appt for a regular pap march 22, im thinking i'll just wait till then to ask about it.
yeah i think i'll go see the doc anyway. it seems to never end! ive had bladder infections, ruptured cytsts, high grade cervical changes which led to surgery.
does this sound like a symptom of endometriosis?
no, it cant possibly be cervical cancer because i just had laser surgery to remove the abnormal cells from my cervix in november. the cells were not cancerous but just high grade abnormality. my post op check up he said the cervix was clear and healing fine. so thankfully thats not a concern of mine.
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i have brown hair and blue/grey eyes, and lightly tanned skin. well, tanned but not overbaked. and some freckles.
but anyways, would brown or black mascara be better suited for me?
right now i use black, but its not like "blackest black" or "very black", just black. someone told me that brown mascara brings out blue eyes. but then when i was shopping my friend (who doesnt know too much about makeup, but more than me) told me that brown mascara would look bad on me.
so what would be better:
"very black"
"black"
"brown/black"
"brown"
but will brown mascara clash with my brown hair? thats what my friend says :\
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